However, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas believes that affirmative action amounts to a “reverse racism” tool. In Adarand Constructors, Inc vs Pena, an affirmative action case decided in 1995, Justice Thomas, in his concurring opinion, stated that “[i]t is irrelevant whether a government’s racial classifications are drawn by those who wish to oppress a race or by those who have a sincere desire to help those thought to be disadvantaged.” Therefore, according to Justice Thomas, all affirmative action programs violate the Equal Protection Clause. Furthermore, in his dissent in Grutter, Justice Thomas responded directly to Justice O’Connor, and stated that if Michigan’s affirmative action system will be illegal in 25 years, it must be “illegal now,” for the Constitution “means the same thing today as it will in 300 months. By Judge Andrew Napolitano - Lies The Government Told You
On Justice Clarence Thomas on Adarand Constructors, Inc vs Pena
Other cases involving Affirmative Action include:
The University of California vs Bakke
Grutter vs Bolinger
Wygant vs Jackson Board of Education
City of Richmond vs Croson
Hopwood vs university of Texas Law School
Ricci vs DeStefano